Borehole Drilling and Environmental Sustainability in Southeastern Nigeria: A Case of Anambra State

Abstract

This study addresses the pressing environmental issues in Southeastern Nigeria, notably groundwater depletion and land degradation exacerbated by the increasing reliance on borehole drilling for household clean water. Specifically, it investigates the consequences of unregulated and careless borehole drilling in Anambra State. Using a one-sample t-test to analyse data collected through a structured questionnaire, the findings indicate that the government's lack of action significantly contributes to the problem of indiscriminate borehole drilling. Moreover, the inability of the government to supply clean water is a key factor in this ongoing issue. Although the presence of affordable and sustainable alternative water sources was found to have an effect on borehole drilling practices, this effect was statistically insignificant. The study concludes that the root of unwholesome borehole drilling lies in government inaction, primarily linked to it's failure to ensure access to clean water for all households. To address this challenge, it is recommended that public-private partnerships be established to tackle the funding shortages associated with capital-intensive projects aimed at providing clean water. Additionally, promoting the acquisition of environmentally friendly and affordable water sources, such as Atmospheric Water Generators (AWG), for households should be encouraged.